「Nerve06/central nervous system/basics of the motor pathway」の版間の差分

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{{Point|運動性（遠心性）活動電位は２本の神経（第1次，第２次）（上位，下位）を経由して大脳皮質から骨格筋に下行する．}}
{{Point|
The motor (efferent) action potentials descend from the cerebral cortex to the skeletal muscles via two (upper and lower) (primary and secondary) motor neurons. }}


The cell body for the primary (upper) motor neuron is in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex.


第１次運動神経細胞体は大脳皮質前頭葉の中心前回にある．
The descending fibers of the primary motor neurons pass through the internal capsule, but not the thalamus.


第１次運動神経線維は脳内を下行する際，内包を通過するが，視床は通過しない．
The primary motor neuron fibers cross the right-left midline.


第１次運動神経線維は左右の正中線を交叉する．
The primary motor neuron forms a synapse with the secondary motor neuron in the anterior horn of the spinal cord.


第１次運動神経は前角で第２次運動神経細胞体にシナプスを形成する．
The secondary motor neuron fibers leave the spinal cord from the anterior root and innervate the skeletal muscle.


第２次運動神経線維は前根から脊髄を出，骨格筋を支配する．


[[ファイル:00208en.jpg|450px]]  
[[ファイル:00208en.jpg|450px]]  
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//LEVEL:4
//LEVEL:4
//RAND
//RAND
第1次(上位)運動神経の細胞体は　 {~前角.~後角.~前根の脊髄神経節.~後根の脊髄神経節.~視床.=中心前回.~中心後回.~内包} に位置している.
The cell body of the primary (upper) motor neuron is located in the {~anterior horn~posterior horn~posterior root ganglion~thalamus~=precentral gyrus~postcentral gyrus~internal capsule}.


//LEVEL:4
//LEVEL:4
//RAND
//RAND
第2次(下位)運動神経の細胞体は　 {=前角.~後角.~前根の脊髄神経節.~後根の脊髄神経節.~視床.~中心前回.~中心後回.~内包} に位置している.
The cell body of the secondary (lower) motor neuron is located in the {=anterior horn~posterior horn~posterior root ganglion~thalamus~precentral gyrus~postcentral gyrus~internal capsule}.


//LEVEL:4
//LEVEL:4
//NO-RAND
The {=primary (upper)~secondary (lower)} cross the right-left midline.
第　 {=1次(上位).~2次(下位)} 運動神経が左右の正中線を交叉する.


//LEVEL:4
//LEVEL:4
//RAND
//RAND
第2次(下位)運動神経線維は脊髄を出た後,　 {~1回ニューロンを換えてから.=直接} 筋にいたる.
The fiber of the secondary (lower) motor neuron, after leaving the spinal cord, {=directly reaches~change neurons and then reach} the skeletal muscles.  


//LEVEL:2
//LEVEL:2
//RAND
//RAND
運動性下行路は、内包を {=通る.~通らない} 。
The motor descending pathway {=does~does not} pass through the internal capsule.


//LEVEL:3
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
//RAND
運動性下行路は視床を {~通る.=通らない} 。
The motor descending pathway {~does~=does not} pass through the thalamus.


//LEVEL:3
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
//RAND
右足を動かすための {~求心性.=遠心性} 活動電位は、 {~右.=左} 側の {~中心後回.=中心前回} に発生し、 {~右.=左} 側の内包、 {=右.~左} 側の {=前.~後} 角、 {=右.~左} 側の {=前.~後} 根を通って、骨格筋に届く。
The {~afferent~=efferent} action potential for moving the RIGHT foot is generated in the {~right~=left} {~postcentral gyrus~=precentral gyrus}, and then passes through the  {~right~=left} internal capsule, {=right~left} side {=anterior~posterior} horn, {=right~left} side {=anterior~posterior} root, and reaches the skeletal muscle.


//LEVEL:3
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
//RAND
左足を動かすための {~求心性.=遠心性} 活動電位は、 {=右.~左} 側の
The {~afferent~=efferent} action potential for moving the LEFT foot is generated in the {=right~left} {~postcentral gyrus~=precentral gyrus}, and then passes through the  {=right~left} internal capsule, {~right~=left} side {=anterior~posterior} horn, {~right~=left} side {=anterior~posterior} root, and reaches the skeletal muscle.
{~中心後回.=中心前回} に発生し、 {=右.~左} 側の内包、 {~右.=左} 側の {=前.~後} 角、 {~右.=左} 側の {=前.~後} 根を通って、骨格筋に届く。
 
//LEVEL:4
//RAND
{=感覚性上行路.=運動性下行路} は内包を通る。
 
//LEVEL:4
//RAND
{=感覚性上行路.~運動性下行路} は視床を通る。
</GIFT>
</GIFT>

2015年5月5日 (火) 10:08時点における最新版

POINT!
The motor (efferent) action potentials descend from the cerebral cortex to the skeletal muscles via two (upper and lower) (primary and secondary) motor neurons.

The cell body for the primary (upper) motor neuron is in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex.

The descending fibers of the primary motor neurons pass through the internal capsule, but not the thalamus.

The primary motor neuron fibers cross the right-left midline.

The primary motor neuron forms a synapse with the secondary motor neuron in the anterior horn of the spinal cord.

The secondary motor neuron fibers leave the spinal cord from the anterior root and innervate the skeletal muscle.


00208en.jpg

Challenge Quiz

1.

The cell body of the primary (upper) motor neuron is located in the anterior horn posterior horn posterior root ganglion thalamus precentral gyrus postcentral gyrus internal capsule .

2.

The cell body of the secondary (lower) motor neuron is located in the anterior horn posterior horn posterior root ganglion thalamus precentral gyrus postcentral gyrus internal capsule .

3.

The primary (upper) secondary (lower) cross the right-left midline.

4.

The fiber of the secondary (lower) motor neuron, after leaving the spinal cord, directly reaches change neurons and then reach the skeletal muscles.

5.

The motor descending pathway does does not pass through the internal capsule.

6.

The motor descending pathway does does not pass through the thalamus.

7.

The afferent efferent action potential for moving the RIGHT foot is generated in the right left postcentral gyrus precentral gyrus , and then passes through the right left internal capsule, right left side anterior posterior horn, right left side anterior posterior root, and reaches the skeletal muscle.

8.

The afferent efferent action potential for moving the LEFT foot is generated in the right left postcentral gyrus precentral gyrus , and then passes through the right left internal capsule, right left side anterior posterior horn, right left side anterior posterior root, and reaches the skeletal muscle.

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