SHolroydAtWeilCornellMedQatar/Endocrinology/VasopressinADH/ControlToWaterIntake

POINT!

With water intake, the plasma osmolarity decreases, and negative feedback decreases the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH).

narrated video explanation

Before water intake (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with adequate strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of water reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) as well as normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and urine volume.

Step 1: With water intake, water enters the plasma and osmolarity decreases (diluted, hypotonic).

Step 2: This is in the same direction as the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of the water reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH). Thus, although the strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of water reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) was adequate before water intake (at baseline), this strength is now too strong (red) to reverse the decreased plasma osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic) produced by water intake. Control by negative feedback is needed.

Step 3: With the strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of the water reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) before water intake (at baseline) being too strong (red), the negative feedback decreases (blue) (the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) vasopressin (ADH).

Step 4: The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) becomes weaker, which decreases the number of water channels. This decreases the water reabsorption from the tubule.

Step 5: With the decrease in water reabsorption, concentrated (hypertonic) solution enters the plasma. This will lead to a reverse in the decreased plasma osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic) produced by water intake, increasing it towards normal (baseline, isotonic) osmolarity. Because concentrated (hypertonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a decreased osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Also, with the decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes diluted and increases in volume.

Challenge Quiz

1.

With water intake, the plasma osmolarity decreases, and negative feedback increases decreases  正解! the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH).

2.

With water intake, the plasma osmolarity increases decreases  正解!. This is in the same direction as opposite direction to  正解! the plasma osmolarity-increasing osmolarity-decreasing  正解! effect of the water reabsorption from the tubule (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH). The negative feedback increases decreases  正解! (the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) vasopressin (ADH). This will increase decrease  正解! plasma osmolarity (towards isotonic).飲水により血漿浸透圧は　 上昇 低下  正解!する。これは、腎臓/尿細管からの（水チャンネルを通じての）水分再吸収の血漿浸透圧　 上昇 低下  正解!作用と 同じ 逆の  正解!方向であり、負のフィードバックは、尿細管の水チャンネルを 増加 減少  正解!させ、水分再吸収を 増加 減少  正解!させる。これは血漿浸透圧を(等張へ向けて) 上昇 低下  正解!させる。

3.

With water intake, water enters leaves  正解! the plasma and osmolarity increases decreases  正解!. This is in the same direction as opposite direction to  正解! the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of the water reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH). Thus, although the strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of water reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) was too strong adequate too weak  正解! before water intake (at baseline), this strength is now too strong adequate too weak  正解! to reverse the increased decreased  正解! plasma osmolarity produced by water intake. The negative feedback increases decreases  正解! (the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) vasopressin (ADH). The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) becomes stronger weaker  正解!, which increases decreases  正解! the number of water channels. With the increases decrease  正解! in water reabsorption from the tubule, concentrated diluted  正解! solution enters the plasma. This will lead to a reverse in the increased decreased  正解! plasma osmolarity from water intake, increasing decreasing  正解! it towards separate from  正解! normal osmolarity. Because concentrated diluted  正解! solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has an increased a decreased  正解! osmolarity. Also, with the increase decrease  正解! in water reabsorption, there is more less  正解! water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes concentrated diluted  正解! and increases decreases  正解! in volume.