「SHolroydAtWeilCornellMedQatar/Urology/Kidney/Tubules/WaterChannels/EffectOfDecrease」の版間の差分

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{{Point| With the decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), the number of water channels decreases .}}
{{Point| With a decrease the number of water channels, water reabsorption from the tubule decreases. 尿細管の水チャンネルが減少すると、尿細管からの水分再吸収は減少する。
}}


[[メディア:6-ADHcontrol-sweat.mp4|narrated video explanation]]
[[メディア:6-ADHcontrol-sweat.mp4|narrated video explanation]]
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[[メディア:WaterChannelsBaseLine-Eng.mp4|video prior to the decrease in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
[[メディア:WaterChannelsBaseLine-Eng.mp4|video prior to the decrease in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
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Prior to vasopressin (ADH) decreasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and volumes.
Prior to the number of water channels decreasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and urine volume.水チャンネルの減少前（ベースライン）では恒常性が保たれていて、血漿浸透圧と尿浸透圧は正常（等張）、尿量も正常であるとしましょう。
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[[メディア:WaterChannelsEffectOfDecreasing-2Eng.mp4|video just after the decrease in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
[[メディア:WaterChannelsEffectOfDecreasing-2Eng.mp4|video just after the decrease in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
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Step 1: Suppose that the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (ADH) decreases.<br>
Step 1: Suppose that the number of water channels decreases. Step 2: With the decrease in the number of water channels, water reabsorption from the tubule decreases.図の①：最初に、水チャンネルが減少したとします。
Step 2: The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) decreases, thereby decreasing the number of water channels. This decreases the reabsorption of water from the tubule.
図の②：水チャンネルの減少により尿細管からの水分再吸収は減少します。
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[[メディア:WaterChannelsEffectOfDecreasing-3Eng.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
[[メディア:WaterChannelsEffectOfDecreasing-3Eng.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
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Step 3: The ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water entering the plasma due to reabsorption increases. This increases plasma osmolarity (hypertonic). Because a higher ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a lower osmolarity (hypotonic). Also, with a decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes less concentrated (hypotonic) and higher in volume.
Step 3:With the decrease in water reabsorption, concentrated (hypertonic) solution enters the plasma. This increases plasma osmolarity (concentrated, hypertonic). Because concentrated (hypertonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has decreased osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Also, with the decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes diluted and increases in volume.図の③：水分再吸収が減少し、濃い溶液（高張液）が血漿に入ります。これにより血漿浸透圧が上昇し（濃く、高張になり）ます。
再吸収で濃い溶液（高張液）が尿細管から出るため、残る液の浸透圧が低下し（薄く、低張になり）ます。水分再吸収も減少するため、尿細管に残る水分は増加します。つまり尿は薄く、多量になります。
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<GIFT>
<GIFT>


//LEVEL:3
//LEVEL:2
//RAND  
//RAND  
With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), the number of water channels in the kidney {~=increases~decreases} .  
With a decrease in the number of water channels, water reabsorption from the tubule {~increases~=decreases}.尿細管の水チャンネルが減少すると、尿細管からの水分再吸収は{~増加~=減少}する。


//LEVEL:2  
//LEVEL:2  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), water reabsorption from the tubule {increases~=decreases}.
With a decrease in the number of water channels, urine volume {~=increases~decreases}.尿細管の水チャンネルが減少すると、尿量は{=増加~減少}する。


//LEVEL:3
//LEVEL:2
//RAND  
//RAND  
With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), urine volume {~=increases~decreases}.  
With a decrease in the number of water channels, urine osmolarity {~increases~=decreases}.尿細管の水チャンネルが減少すると、尿の浸透圧は{~上昇~=低下}する。


//LEVEL:3
//LEVEL:2
//RAND
With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), urine osmolarity {increases~=decreases}.
 
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), plasma osmolarity {~=increases~decreases}.
 
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
The effect of decreasing in vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) is to {contract female genital smooth muscle ~=increase plasma osmolarity }.
 
//LEVEL:3
//RAND  
//RAND  
The effect of decreasing in vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) is to {~=increase~decrease} the plasma osmolarity .
With a decrease in the number of water channels, plasma osmolarity {~=increases~decreases}.尿細管の水チャンネルが減少すると、血漿浸透圧は{=上昇~低下}する。
</GIFT>
</GIFT>

2020年3月15日 (日) 18:02時点における版

POINT!
With a decrease the number of water channels, water reabsorption from the tubule decreases. 尿細管の水チャンネルが減少すると、尿細管からの水分再吸収は減少する。

narrated video explanation

WaterChannelsBaseLine-Eng.jpg

Prior to the number of water channels decreasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and urine volume.水チャンネルの減少前（ベースライン）では恒常性が保たれていて、血漿浸透圧と尿浸透圧は正常（等張）、尿量も正常であるとしましょう。

WaterChannelsEffectOfDecreasing-2Eng.jpg

Step 1: Suppose that the number of water channels decreases. Step 2: With the decrease in the number of water channels, water reabsorption from the tubule decreases.図の①：最初に、水チャンネルが減少したとします。 図の②：水チャンネルの減少により尿細管からの水分再吸収は減少します。

WaterChannelsEffectOfDecreasing-3Eng.jpg

Step 3:With the decrease in water reabsorption, concentrated (hypertonic) solution enters the plasma. This increases plasma osmolarity (concentrated, hypertonic). Because concentrated (hypertonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has decreased osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Also, with the decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes diluted and increases in volume.図の③：水分再吸収が減少し、濃い溶液（高張液）が血漿に入ります。これにより血漿浸透圧が上昇し（濃く、高張になり）ます。 再吸収で濃い溶液（高張液）が尿細管から出るため、残る液の浸透圧が低下し（薄く、低張になり）ます。水分再吸収も減少するため、尿細管に残る水分は増加します。つまり尿は薄く、多量になります。

Challenge Quiz

1.

With a decrease in the number of water channels, water reabsorption from the tubule increases decreases .尿細管の水チャンネルが減少すると、尿細管からの水分再吸収は 増加 減少 する。

2.

With a decrease in the number of water channels, urine volume increases decreases .尿細管の水チャンネルが減少すると、尿量は 増加 減少 する。

3.

With a decrease in the number of water channels, urine osmolarity increases decreases .尿細管の水チャンネルが減少すると、尿の浸透圧は 上昇 低下 する。

4.

With a decrease in the number of water channels, plasma osmolarity increases decreases .尿細管の水チャンネルが減少すると、血漿浸透圧は 上昇 低下 する。

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