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{{Point| | {{Point|At a downhill, the speed increases, and negative feedback decreases the engine revolution.}} | ||
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[[メディア:ADHwaterintake.mp4|narrated video explanation]]<br> | [[メディア:ADHwaterintake.mp4|narrated video explanation]]<br> | ||
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[[ファイル:FlatBeforeDownhill-Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | [[ファイル:FlatBeforeDownhill-Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | ||
Before | Before an downhill (at a flat baseline), we will make the assumption that the car is in homeostasis with adequate strength of the speed-increasing effect of engine revolution as well as normal speed. | ||
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[[ファイル:DownhillBeforeMiddleFeedbacktoEngine-Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | [[ファイル:DownhillBeforeMiddleFeedbacktoEngine-Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | ||
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Step 1: With downhill, car speed increases. <br> | |||
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This is in the same direction as the speed-increasing effect of the engine revolution. Thus, although the strength of the speed-increasing effect of engine revolution was adequate before downhill (at flat baseline), this strength is now <font color="#ff0000">too strong (red)</font> to reverse the high speed produced by downhill. Control by negative feedback is needed. | |||
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[[ファイル:DownhillDuringMiddleFeedbacktoEngine-Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | [[ファイル:DownhillDuringMiddleFeedbacktoEngine-Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | ||
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Step | Step 2: With the strength of the speed-increasing effect of the engine revolution before downhill (at flat baseline) being <font color="#ff0000">too strong (red)</font>, the negative feedback <font color="#00f">decreases (blue)</font> the engine revolution.<br> | ||
The speed-increasing effect of engine revolution becomes weaker, which decreases the speed. This will lead to a reverse in the increased speed by downhill, decreasing it towards normal (baseline) speed. | |||
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{{QuizTitle}} | {{QuizTitle}} | ||
2019年11月28日 (木) 19:09時点における版
| At a downhill, the speed increases, and negative feedback decreases the engine revolution. |
Before an downhill (at a flat baseline), we will make the assumption that the car is in homeostasis with adequate strength of the speed-increasing effect of engine revolution as well as normal speed.
Step 1: With downhill, car speed increases.
This is in the same direction as the speed-increasing effect of the engine revolution. Thus, although the strength of the speed-increasing effect of engine revolution was adequate before downhill (at flat baseline), this strength is now too strong (red) to reverse the high speed produced by downhill. Control by negative feedback is needed.
Step 2: With the strength of the speed-increasing effect of the engine revolution before downhill (at flat baseline) being too strong (red), the negative feedback decreases (blue) the engine revolution.
The speed-increasing effect of engine revolution becomes weaker, which decreases the speed. This will lead to a reverse in the increased speed by downhill, decreasing it towards normal (baseline) speed.
Challenge Quiz
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH).
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases the number of water channels in the kidney.
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases water reabsorption by the kidney.
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases urine volume.
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases urine osmolarity.
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases plasma osmolarity.
With water intake, water enters leaves the plasma and osmolarity increases decreases . This is in the same direction as opposite direction to the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of the reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH). Thus, although the strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) was too strong adequate too weak before water intake (at baseline), this strength is now too strong adequate too weak to reverse the low plasma osmolarity produced by water intake. The negative feedback increases decreases (the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) vasopressin (ADH). The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) becomes stronger weaker , which increases decreases the number of water channels. With the increases decrease in water reabsorption by the kidney, concentrated diluted solution enters the plasma. This increases decreases plasma osmolarity. This will lead to in the increased decreased plasma osmolarity from water intake, increasing decreasing it towards separate from normal osmolarity. Because concentrated diluted solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a higher lower osmolarity. Also, with the increase decrease in water reabsorption, there is more less water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes more concentrated diluted and higher lower in volume.