「SHolroydAtWeilCornellMedQatar/Urology/Kidney/Tubules/WaterReabsorption/EffectOfIncrease」の版間の差分

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{{Point| With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), the number of water channels increases .}}
{{Point|With an increase in the water reabsorption from the tubule, plasma osmolarity and urine volume decrease, and urine osmolarity increases.尿細管からの水分再吸収が増加すると、血漿浸透圧は低下し、尿量は減少し、尿浸透圧は上昇する。}}


[[メディア:6-ADHcontrol-sweat.mp4|narrated video explanation]]
[[メディア:6-ADHcontrol-sweat.mp4|narrated video explanation]]
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[[メディア:WaterReabsorptionBaseLine-Eng.mp4|video prior to the increase in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
[[メディア:WaterReabsorptionBaseLine-Eng.mp4|video prior to the increase in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
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Prior to vasopressin (ADH) increasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and volumes.
Prior to the water reabsorption from the tubule increasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and urine volume.尿細管からの水分再吸収の増加前（ベースライン）では恒常性が保たれていて、血漿浸透圧と尿浸透圧は正常（等張）、尿量も正常であるとしましょう。
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[[メディア:WaterReabsorptionEffectOfIncreasing-2Eng.mp4|video just after the increase in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
[[メディア:WaterReabsorptionEffectOfIncreasing-2Eng.mp4|video just after the increase in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
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Step 1: Suppose that the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (ADH) increases.<br>
Step 1: Suppose that the reabsorption of water from the tubule increases.図の①：最初に、尿細管からの水分再吸収が増加したとします。
Step 2: The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) is increased, thereby increasing the number of water channels. This increases the reabsorption of water by the kidney.
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[[メディア:WaterReabsorptionEffectOfIncreasing-3Eng.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the increase in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
[[メディア:WaterReabsorptionEffectOfIncreasing-3Eng.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the increase in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
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Step 3: The ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water entering the plasma due to reabsorption decreases. This decreases plasma osmolarity (hypotonic). Because a lower ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a higher osmolarity (hypertonic). Also, with an increase in water reabsorption, there is less water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes more concentrated (hypertonic) and lower in volume.
Step 2: With the increase in water reabsorption, diluted (hypotonic) solution enters the plasma. This decreases plasma osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Because diluted (hypotonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has an increased osmolarity (concentrated, hypertonic). Also, with the increase in water reabsorption, there is less water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes concentrated and decreases in volume.図の②：水分再吸収が増加し、薄い溶液（低張液）が血漿に入ります。これにより血漿浸透圧が低下し（薄く、低張になり）ます。
再吸収で薄い溶液（低張液）が尿細管から出るため、残る液の浸透圧が上昇し（濃く、高張になり）ます。水分再吸収も増加するため、尿細管に残る水分は減少します。つまり尿は濃く、少量になります。
 
 
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//LEVEL:3  
//LEVEL:3  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), the number of water channels in the kidney {~=increase~decrease} .
With an increase in the water reabsorption from the tubule, urine volume  {~increases~=decreases} . 尿細管からの水分再吸収が増加すると、尿量は{~増加~=減少}する。
 


//LEVEL:2  
//LEVEL:2  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), causes water reabsorption by the kidney to {~=increase~decrease}.
With an increase in the water reabsorption from the tubule, urine osmolarity  {~=increases~decreases} . 尿細管からの水分再吸収が増加すると、尿の浸透圧は{=上昇~低下}する。
 
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), causes urine volume to {increase~=decrease}.  
 
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), causes urine osmolarity to {~=increase~decrease}.


//LEVEL:3  
//LEVEL:3  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), causes plasma osmolarity to {increase~=decrease}.
With an increase in the water reabsorption from the tubule, plasma osmolarity {~increases~=decreases} . 尿細管からの水分再吸収が増加すると、血漿浸透圧は{~上昇~=低下}する
 
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
The effect of increasing in vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) is to {contract uterine smooth muscle ~=decrease plasma osmolarity }.


//LEVEL:3
//RAND
The effect of increasing in vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) is to {increase~=decrease} the plasma osmolarity .
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2020年3月15日 (日) 17:21時点における版

POINT!
With an increase in the water reabsorption from the tubule, plasma osmolarity and urine volume decrease, and urine osmolarity increases.尿細管からの水分再吸収が増加すると、血漿浸透圧は低下し、尿量は減少し、尿浸透圧は上昇する。

narrated video explanation

WaterReabsorptionBaseLine-Eng.jpg

Prior to the water reabsorption from the tubule increasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and urine volume.尿細管からの水分再吸収の増加前（ベースライン）では恒常性が保たれていて、血漿浸透圧と尿浸透圧は正常（等張）、尿量も正常であるとしましょう。

WaterReabsorptionEffectOfIncreasing-2Eng.jpg

Step 1: Suppose that the reabsorption of water from the tubule increases.図の①：最初に、尿細管からの水分再吸収が増加したとします。

WaterReabsorptionEffectOfIncreasing-3Eng.jpg

Step 2: With the increase in water reabsorption, diluted (hypotonic) solution enters the plasma. This decreases plasma osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Because diluted (hypotonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has an increased osmolarity (concentrated, hypertonic). Also, with the increase in water reabsorption, there is less water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes concentrated and decreases in volume.図の②：水分再吸収が増加し、薄い溶液（低張液）が血漿に入ります。これにより血漿浸透圧が低下し（薄く、低張になり）ます。 再吸収で薄い溶液（低張液）が尿細管から出るため、残る液の浸透圧が上昇し（濃く、高張になり）ます。水分再吸収も増加するため、尿細管に残る水分は減少します。つまり尿は濃く、少量になります。



Challenge Quiz

1.

With an increase in the water reabsorption from the tubule, urine volume increases decreases . 尿細管からの水分再吸収が増加すると、尿量は 増加 減少 する。

2.

With an increase in the water reabsorption from the tubule, urine osmolarity increases decreases . 尿細管からの水分再吸収が増加すると、尿の浸透圧は 上昇 低下 する。

3.

With an increase in the water reabsorption from the tubule, plasma osmolarity increases decreases . 尿細管からの水分再吸収が増加すると、血漿浸透圧は 上昇 低下 する

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