「SHolroydAtWeilCornellMedQatar/Endocrinology/VasopressinADH/ControlToWaterIntake」の版間の差分
編集の要約なし |
編集の要約なし |
||
| 36行目: | 36行目: | ||
[[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake3Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | [[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake3Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | ||
[[メディア:ADHwaterControl-4Eng.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in the reabsorption]]<br> | [[メディア:ADHwaterControl-4Eng.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in the reabsorption]]<br> | ||
Step 5: With the decrease in water reabsorption, concentrated (hypertonic) solution enters the plasma. This will lead to a reverse in the decreased plasma osmolarity from water intake (hypotonic plasma), increasing it towards normal (baseline) osmolarity (isotonic plasma). Because concentrated (hypertonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a lower osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Also, with the decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes more diluted (hypotonic) and | Step 5: With the decrease in water reabsorption, concentrated (hypertonic) solution enters the plasma. This will lead to a reverse in the decreased plasma osmolarity from water intake (hypotonic plasma), increasing it towards normal (baseline) osmolarity (isotonic plasma). Because concentrated (hypertonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a lower osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Also, with the decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes more diluted (hypotonic) and increases in volume. | ||
<br style="clear:both;" /> | <br style="clear:both;" /> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| 68行目: | 68行目: | ||
//LEVEL:3 | //LEVEL:3 | ||
//RAND | //RAND | ||
With water intake, water {~=enters~leaves} the plasma and osmolarity {~increases~=decreases}. This is in the {~=same direction as~opposite direction to} the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of the reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH). Thus, although the strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) was {~too strong~=adequate~too weak} before water intake (at baseline), this strength is now {~=too strong~adequate~too weak} to reverse the {~high~=low} plasma osmolarity produced by water intake. The negative feedback {~increases~=decreases} (the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) vasopressin (ADH). The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) becomes {~stronger~=weaker}, which {~increases~=decreases} the number of water channels. With the {~increases~=decrease} in water reabsorption by the kidney, {~=concentrated~diluted} solution enters the plasma. This will lead to a reverse in the {~increased~=decreased} plasma osmolarity from water intake, {~=increasing~decreasing} it {~=towards~separate from} normal osmolarity. Because {~=concentrated~diluted} solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a {~higher~=lower} osmolarity. Also, with the {~ increase~=decrease} in water reabsorption, there is {~=more~less} water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes more {~concentrated~=diluted} and {~= | With water intake, water {~=enters~leaves} the plasma and osmolarity {~increases~=decreases}. This is in the {~=same direction as~opposite direction to} the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of the reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH). Thus, although the strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) was {~too strong~=adequate~too weak} before water intake (at baseline), this strength is now {~=too strong~adequate~too weak} to reverse the {~high~=low} plasma osmolarity produced by water intake. The negative feedback {~increases~=decreases} (the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) vasopressin (ADH). The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) becomes {~stronger~=weaker}, which {~increases~=decreases} the number of water channels. With the {~increases~=decrease} in water reabsorption by the kidney, {~=concentrated~diluted} solution enters the plasma. This will lead to a reverse in the {~increased~=decreased} plasma osmolarity from water intake, {~=increasing~decreasing} it {~=towards~separate from} normal osmolarity. Because {~=concentrated~diluted} solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a {~higher~=lower} osmolarity. Also, with the {~ increase~=decrease} in water reabsorption, there is {~=more~less} water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes more {~concentrated~=diluted} and {~=increases~decreases} in volume. | ||
</GIFT> | </GIFT> | ||
2020年2月4日 (火) 18:10時点における版
| With water intake the plasma osmolarity decreases, and negative feedback decreases the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH). |
video before water intake
Before water intake (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with adequate strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) as well as normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and urine volume.
video just after water intake
Step 1: With water intake, water enters the plasma and osmolarity decreases (becomes hypotonic).
Step 2: This is in the same direction as the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of the reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH). Thus, although the strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) was adequate before water intake (at baseline), this strength is now too strong (red) to reverse the low plasma osmolarity (hypotonic plasma) produced by water intake. Control by negative feedback is needed.
video just after the decrease in vasopressin (ADH) caused by negative feedback
Step 3: With the strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of the reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) before water intake (at baseline) being too strong (red), the negative feedback decreases (blue) (the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) vasopressin (ADH).
Step 4: The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) becomes weaker, which decreases the number of water channels. This decreases the reabsorption of water by the kidney.
video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in the reabsorption
Step 5: With the decrease in water reabsorption, concentrated (hypertonic) solution enters the plasma. This will lead to a reverse in the decreased plasma osmolarity from water intake (hypotonic plasma), increasing it towards normal (baseline) osmolarity (isotonic plasma). Because concentrated (hypertonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a lower osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Also, with the decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes more diluted (hypotonic) and increases in volume.
Challenge Quiz
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH).
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases the number of water channels in the kidney.
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases water reabsorption by the kidney.
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases urine volume.
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases urine osmolarity.
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases plasma osmolarity towards normal (baseline) osmolarity (isotonic plasma).
With water intake, water enters leaves the plasma and osmolarity increases decreases . This is in the same direction as opposite direction to the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of the reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH). Thus, although the strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) was too strong adequate too weak before water intake (at baseline), this strength is now too strong adequate too weak to reverse the high low plasma osmolarity produced by water intake. The negative feedback increases decreases (the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) vasopressin (ADH). The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) becomes stronger weaker , which increases decreases the number of water channels. With the increases decrease in water reabsorption by the kidney, concentrated diluted solution enters the plasma. This will lead to a reverse in the increased decreased plasma osmolarity from water intake, increasing decreasing it towards separate from normal osmolarity. Because concentrated diluted solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a higher lower osmolarity. Also, with the increase decrease in water reabsorption, there is more less water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes more concentrated diluted and increases decreases in volume.