「SHolroydAtWeilCornellMedQatar/Urology/Kidney/Tubules/WaterChannels/EffectOfDecrease」の版間の差分

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{{Point| With the decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), the number of water channels decreases .}}
{{Point| With a decrease in the number of water channels, water reabsorption from the tubule decreases. }}
 
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[[ファイル:WaterChannelsBaseLine-Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
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[[メディア:WaterChannelsBaseLine-Eng.mp4|video prior to the decrease in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
[[メディア:WaterChannelsBaseLine-Eng.mp4|video prior to the decrease in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
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Prior to vasopressin (ADH) decreasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and volumes.
Prior to the number of water channels decreasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and urine volume.
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[[メディア:WaterChannelsEffectOfDecreasing-2Eng.mp4|video just after the decrease in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
[[メディア:WaterChannelsEffectOfDecreasing-2Eng.mp4|video just after the decrease in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
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Step 1: Suppose that the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (ADH) decreases.<br>
Step 1: Suppose that the number of water channels decreases. Step 2: With the decrease in the number of water channels, water reabsorption from the tubule decreases.
Step 2: The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) decreases, thereby decreasing the number of water channels. This decreases the reabsorption of water by the kidney.
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[[メディア:WaterChannelsEffectOfDecreasing-3Eng.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
[[メディア:WaterChannelsEffectOfDecreasing-3Eng.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
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Step 3: The ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water entering the plasma due to reabsorption increases. This increases plasma osmolarity (hypertonic). Because a higher ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a lower osmolarity (hypotonic). Also, with a decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes less concentrated (hypotonic) and higher in volume.
Step 3:With the decrease in water reabsorption, concentrated (hypertonic) solution enters the plasma. This increases plasma osmolarity (concentrated, hypertonic). Because concentrated (hypertonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has decreased osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Also, with the decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes diluted and increases in volume.
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<GIFT>
<GIFT>
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), the number of water channels in the kidney {~=increases~decreases} .


//LEVEL:2  
//LEVEL:2  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), water reabsorption by the kidney {increases~=decreases}.
With a decrease in the number of water channels, water reabsorption from the tubule {~increases~=decreases}.  


//LEVEL:3  
//LEVEL:3  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), urine volume {~=increases~decreases}.  
With a decrease in the number of water channels, urine volume {~=increases~decreases}.  


//LEVEL:3  
//LEVEL:3  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), urine osmolarity {increases~=decreases}.
With a decrease in the number of water channels, urine osmolarity {~increases~=decreases}.


//LEVEL:3
//LEVEL:2
//RAND
With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), plasma osmolarity {~=increases~decreases}.
 
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
The effect of decreasing in vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) is to {contract female genital smooth muscle ~=increase plasma osmolarity }.
 
//LEVEL:3
//RAND  
//RAND  
The effect of decreasing in vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) is to {~=increase~decrease} the plasma osmolarity .
With a decrease in the number of water channels, plasma osmolarity {~=increases~decreases}.
</GIFT>
</GIFT>

2020年4月17日 (金) 12:08時点における最新版

POINT!
With a decrease in the number of water channels, water reabsorption from the tubule decreases.
WaterChannelsBaseLine-Eng.jpg

Prior to the number of water channels decreasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and urine volume.

WaterChannelsEffectOfDecreasing-2Eng.jpg

Step 1: Suppose that the number of water channels decreases. Step 2: With the decrease in the number of water channels, water reabsorption from the tubule decreases.

WaterChannelsEffectOfDecreasing-3Eng.jpg

Step 3:With the decrease in water reabsorption, concentrated (hypertonic) solution enters the plasma. This increases plasma osmolarity (concentrated, hypertonic). Because concentrated (hypertonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has decreased osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Also, with the decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes diluted and increases in volume.

Challenge Quiz

1.

With a decrease in the number of water channels, water reabsorption from the tubule increases decreases .

2.

With a decrease in the number of water channels, urine volume increases decreases .

3.

With a decrease in the number of water channels, urine osmolarity increases decreases .

4.

With a decrease in the number of water channels, plasma osmolarity increases decreases .

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