「SHolroydAtWeilCornellMedQatar/Urology/Kidney/Tubules/WaterReabsorption/EffectOfIncrease」の版間の差分

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{{Point| With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), the number of water channels increases .}}
{{Point|With an increase in the water reabsorption from the tubule, plasma osmolarity and urine volume decrease, and urine osmolarity increases.}}
 
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[[ファイル:WaterReabsorptionBaseLine-Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
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[[メディア:WaterReabsorptionBaseLine-Eng.mp4|video prior to the increase in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
[[メディア:WaterReabsorptionBaseLine-Eng.mp4|video prior to the increase in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
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Prior to vasopressin (ADH) increasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and volumes.
Prior to the water reabsorption from the tubule increasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and urine volume.
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[[メディア:WaterReabsorptionEffectOfIncreasing-2Eng.mp4|video just after the increase in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
[[メディア:WaterReabsorptionEffectOfIncreasing-2Eng.mp4|video just after the increase in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
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Step 1: Suppose that the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (ADH) increases.<br>
Step 1: Suppose that the water reabsorption from the tubule increases.
Step 2: The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) is increased, thereby increasing the number of water channels. This increases the reabsorption of water by the kidney.
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[[メディア:WaterReabsorptionEffectOfIncreasing-3Eng.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the increase in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
[[メディア:WaterReabsorptionEffectOfIncreasing-3Eng.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the increase in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
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Step 3: The ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water entering the plasma due to reabsorption decreases. This decreases plasma osmolarity (hypotonic). Because a lower ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a higher osmolarity (hypertonic). Also, with an increase in water reabsorption, there is less water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes more concentrated (hypertonic) and lower in volume.
Step 2: With the increase in water reabsorption, diluted (hypotonic) solution enters the plasma. This decreases plasma osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Because diluted (hypotonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has an increased osmolarity (concentrated, hypertonic). Also, with the increase in water reabsorption, there is less water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes concentrated and decreases in volume.
 
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//LEVEL:3  
//LEVEL:3  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), the number of water channels in the kidney {~=increase~decrease} .  
With an increase in the water reabsorption from the tubule, urine volume  {~increases~=decreases} .  


//LEVEL:2
//RAND
With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), causes water reabsorption by the kidney to {~=increase~decrease}.


//LEVEL:3  
//LEVEL:3
//RAND  
//RAND  
With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), causes urine volume to {increase~=decrease}.  
With an increase in the water reabsorption from the tubule, urine osmolarity  {~=increases~decreases} .  


//LEVEL:3
//LEVEL:2
//RAND  
//RAND  
With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), causes urine osmolarity to {~=increase~decrease}.
With an increase in the water reabsorption from the tubule, plasma osmolarity {~increases~=decreases} .  


//LEVEL:3
//RAND
With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), causes plasma osmolarity to {increase~=decrease}.
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
The effect of increasing in vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) is to {contract uterine smooth muscle ~=decrease plasma osmolarity }.
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
The effect of increasing in vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) is to {increase~=decrease} the plasma osmolarity .
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2020年4月17日 (金) 12:05時点における最新版

POINT!
With an increase in the water reabsorption from the tubule, plasma osmolarity and urine volume decrease, and urine osmolarity increases.
WaterReabsorptionBaseLine-Eng.jpg

Prior to the water reabsorption from the tubule increasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and urine volume.

WaterReabsorptionEffectOfIncreasing-2Eng.jpg

Step 1: Suppose that the water reabsorption from the tubule increases.

WaterReabsorptionEffectOfIncreasing-3Eng.jpg

Step 2: With the increase in water reabsorption, diluted (hypotonic) solution enters the plasma. This decreases plasma osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Because diluted (hypotonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has an increased osmolarity (concentrated, hypertonic). Also, with the increase in water reabsorption, there is less water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes concentrated and decreases in volume.


Challenge Quiz

1.

With an increase in the water reabsorption from the tubule, urine volume increases decreases .

2.

With an increase in the water reabsorption from the tubule, urine osmolarity increases decreases .

3.

With an increase in the water reabsorption from the tubule, plasma osmolarity increases decreases .

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