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{{Point|  With the increase of the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of ADH, the number of water channels increases .}}
{{Point|  With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), the number of water channels and water reabsorption increase.  These decrease plasma osmolarity and urine volume, and also increase urine osmolarity.}}


[[メディア:6-ADHcontrol-sweat.mp4|narrated video explanation]]
[[メディア:ADHeffectOfIncreaseEng.mp4|narrated video explanation]]


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[[ファイル:ADHbaseline.jpg|left|500px]]
[[ファイル:ADHbaseline-Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
[[メディア:ADHEffectOfIncreasing-1Eng.mp4|video prior to the increase in ADH]]<br>
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Prior to ADH increasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and volumes.
[[メディア:ADHbaseline-Eng.mp4|video prior to an increase in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
-->
Prior to vasopressin (ADH) increasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and urine volume.
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<br style="clear:both;" />  
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</div>


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[[ファイル:ADHControlToSweating1Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
[[ファイル:ADHEffectOfIncreasing-2Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
[[メディア:ADHEffectOfIncreasing-2Eng.mp4|video just after the increase in ADH]]<br>
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Step 1: Suppose that the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of ADH increases.<br>
[[メディア:ADHEffectOfIncreasing-2Eng.mp4|video just after an increase in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
The water channel-increasing effect of ADH increases, thereby increasing the number of water channels. This increases the reabsorption of water by the kidney.
-->
Step 1: Suppose that the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (ADH) increases.<br>
Step 2: The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) becomes stronger, which increases the number of water channels. This increases the water reabsorption from the tubule.
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[[ファイル:ADHControlToSweating3Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
[[ファイル:ADHEffectOfIncreasing-3Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
[[メディア:ADHsweatControl-4Eng.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the increase in ADH]]<br>
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The ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water entering the plasma due to reabsorption decreases. This decreases plasma osmolarity (hypotonic). Because a lower ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a higher osmolarity (hypertonic). Also, with an increase in water reabsorption, there is less water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes more concentrated (hypertonic) and lower in volume.
[[メディア:ADHEffectOfIncreasing-3Eng.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the increase in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
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Step 3: With the increase in water reabsorption, diluted (hypotonic) solution enters the plasma. This decreases plasma osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Because diluted (hypotonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has an increased osmolarity (concentrated, hypertonic). Also, with the increase in water reabsorption, there is less water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes concentrated and decreases in volume. <br style="clear:both;" />
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{{QuizTitle}}
{{QuizTitle}}
<GIFT>
<GIFT>
//LEVEL:2  
//LEVEL:2  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With sweating, negative feedback {~=increases~decreases}  the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of ADH.
With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), the number of water channels in the tubule {~=increases~decreases} .  
 
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
With sweating, negative feedback {~=increases~decreases} the number of water channels in the kidney.  


//LEVEL:2  
//LEVEL:2  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With sweating, negative feedback {~=increases~decreases} water reabsorption by the kidney.
With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), water reabsorption from the tubule {~=increases~decreases}.


//LEVEL:3  
//LEVEL:3  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With sweating, negative feedback {increases~=decreases} urine volume.  
With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), urine volume {increases~=decreases}.  


//LEVEL:3  
//LEVEL:3  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With sweating, negative feedback {~=increases~decreases} urine osmolarity.
With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), urine osmolarity {~=increases~decreases}.


//LEVEL:3
//LEVEL:2
//RAND  
//RAND  
With sweating, negative feedback {increases~=decreases} plasma osmolarity.
With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), plasma osmolarity {increases~=decreases}.
 
//LEVEL:2
//RAND
The effect of increase in vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) is {uterine smooth muscle contration~=a decrease in plasma osmolarity}.


//LEVEL:3  
//LEVEL:3  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With sweating, the plasma osmolarity {decreases~=increases}.  The effect would be the {=same as~opposite to} that of reabsorption of water by the kidney, which {=decreases~increases} plasma osmolarity.  The effect of the reabsorption would be {=too weak~too strong} prior to control by negative feedback.  Negative feedback {~=increases~decreases} the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of ADH.  This in turn {~=increases~decreases} the number of water channels in the kidney causing {~=increased~decreased} water reabsorption. Urine osmolarity {~=increases~decreases} while volume {increases~=decreases}.  This {~=decreases~increases} plasma osmolarity, {~=returning to normal~separating from normal}.
The effect of increase in vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) is {an increase~=a decrease} in plasma osmolarity.
</GIFT>
</GIFT>

2020年3月30日 (月) 10:49時点における最新版

POINT!
With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), the number of water channels and water reabsorption increase. These decrease plasma osmolarity and urine volume, and also increase urine osmolarity.

narrated video explanation

ADHbaseline-Eng.jpg

Prior to vasopressin (ADH) increasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and urine volume.

ADHEffectOfIncreasing-2Eng.jpg

Step 1: Suppose that the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (ADH) increases.
Step 2: The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) becomes stronger, which increases the number of water channels. This increases the water reabsorption from the tubule.

ADHEffectOfIncreasing-3Eng.jpg

Step 3: With the increase in water reabsorption, diluted (hypotonic) solution enters the plasma. This decreases plasma osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Because diluted (hypotonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has an increased osmolarity (concentrated, hypertonic). Also, with the increase in water reabsorption, there is less water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes concentrated and decreases in volume.

Challenge Quiz

1.

With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), the number of water channels in the tubule increases decreases .

2.

With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), water reabsorption from the tubule increases decreases .

3.

With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), urine volume increases decreases .

4.

With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), urine osmolarity increases decreases .

5.

With an increase in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), plasma osmolarity increases decreases .

6.

The effect of increase in vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) is uterine smooth muscle contration a decrease in plasma osmolarity .

7.

The effect of increase in vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) is an increase a decrease in plasma osmolarity.

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