Endocrinology/VasopressinADH/ControlToSweating

POINT!

With sweating, plasma osmolarity increases, and negative feedback increases vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) synthesis, secretion, and concentration in blood.

narrated video explanation

Before sweating, there are 3 columns (illustration) of water reabsorption (water entering the plasma through the water channels) that are increased by vasopressin (ADH, which has certain levels of synthesis, secretion, and concentration in blood), as well as 3 columns (illustration) of Na⁺ reabsorption (by the Na⁺ pump). Plasma and urine osmolarity are normal (isotonic).

1st star (illustration): With sweating, water leaves the plasma, and plasma osmolarity increases (becomes concentrated, hypertonic).
Movement of water with sweating is in the opposite direction of movement with water reabsorption (water entering the plasma, through the water channels) that are increased by vasopressin (ADH).

②-1 (illustration): Since the movements of water (leaving the plasma) with sweating and with water reabsorption (water entering the plasma, through the water channels) that is increased by vasopressin (ADH) are in the opposite direction, negative feedback increases vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) synthesis, secretion, and concentration in blood.
②-2 (illustration): The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) strengthens, and the number of water channels increases.
②-3 (illustration): With the increase in water channels, water reabsorption from the tubule increases from 3 to 4 columns (illustration).

③(illustration): With no change in Na⁺ reabsorption, and the increase in water reabsorption, diluted (hypotonic) fluid enters the plasma. Because of this control, the increased plasma osmolarity decreases (towards that before sweating, or isotonicity).

Namely, the initial change (the increase in plasma osmolarity) decreases (red upward unfilled arrow disappears).

Because diluted (hypotonic) fluid (of 3 columns of Na⁺ and 4 columns of water) leaves the tubule with reabsorption, the osmolarity of the fluid remaining in the tubule (urine) increases (becomes concentrated, hypertonic). Also, with the increase in water reabsorption (water leaving the tubule), the volume of water remaining in the tubule (urine) is less. Overall, the urine becomes concentrated and decreases in volume.

Challenge Quiz

1.

With sweating, the plasma osmolarity increases, and negative feedback increases decreases  正解! vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) synthesis, secretion, and concentration in blood.

2.

With sweating, the plasma osmolarity increases decreases  正解!. This is in the same direction as opposite direction to  正解! the plasma osmolarity-increasing osmolarity-decreasing  正解! effect of the water reabsorption from the tubule (through the water channels, that are increased by vasopressin, ADH). Negative feedback increases decreases  正解! vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) synthesis, secretion, and concentration in blood. This will increase decrease  正解! plasma osmolarity (returning to isotonic).

3.

With sweating, water enters leaves  正解! the plasma and osmolarity increases decreases  正解!.This is in the same direction as opposite direction to  正解! the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of the water reabsorption (through the water channels, that are increased by vasopressin, ADH). Thus, although the strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of water reabsorption (through the water channels, that are increased by vasopressin, ADH) was too weak adequate too strong  正解! before sweating (at baseline), this strength is now too strong adequate too weak  正解! to reverse the increased decreased  正解! plasma osmolarity produced by sweating. Negative feedback increases decreases  正解! vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) synthesis, secretion, and concentration in blood. The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) becomes stronger weaker  正解!, which increases decreases  正解! the number of water channels. With the increase decrease  正解! in water reabsorption from the tubule, concentrated diluted  正解! solution enters the plasma. This will lead to a reverse in increased decreased  正解! plasma osmolarity from sweating, increasing decreasing  正解! it towards separate from  正解! normal (baseline) osmolarity. Because concentrated diluted  正解! solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has an increased a decreased  正解! osmolarity. Also, with the increase decrease  正解! in water reabsorption, there is more less  正解! water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes concentrated diluted  正解! and increases decreases  正解! in volume.