「SHolroydAtWeilCornellMedQatar/Urology/Kidney/Tubules/WaterChannels/ControlToWaterIntake」の版間の差分
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With water intake, the plasma osmolarity {~increases~=decreases}. This is in the {~=same direction as~opposite direction to} the plasma {~osmolarity-increasing~=osmolarity-decreasing} effect of the water reabsorption from the tubule. The negative feedback {~increases~=decreases} the water reabsorption (through the water channels) from the tubule. Urine volume will {~=increase~decrease}, while urine osmolarity will {~increase~=decrease}. This will {~=increase~decrease} plasma osmolarity (towards isotonic).飲水により血漿浸透圧は {~上昇~=低下}する。これは、腎臓/尿細管からの（水チャンネルを通じての）水分再吸収の血漿浸透圧 {~上昇~=低下}作用と{=同じ~逆の}方向であり、負のフィードバックは、尿細管の水チャンネルを{~増加~=減少}させ、水分再吸収を{~増加~=減少}させる。これは尿量を{~=増加~減少}させ、尿浸透圧を{~上昇~=低下}させ、血漿浸透圧を(等張へ向けて){=上昇~低下}させる。 | With water intake, the plasma osmolarity {~increases~=decreases}. This is in the {~=same direction as~opposite direction to} the plasma {~osmolarity-increasing~=osmolarity-decreasing} effect of the water reabsorption from the tubule. The negative feedback {~increases~=decreases} the water reabsorption (through the water channels) from the tubule. Urine volume will {~=increase~decrease}, while urine osmolarity will {~increase~=decrease}. This will {~=increase~decrease} plasma osmolarity (towards isotonic).飲水により血漿浸透圧は {~上昇~=低下}する。これは、腎臓/尿細管からの（水チャンネルを通じての）水分再吸収の血漿浸透圧 {~上昇~=低下}作用と{=同じ~逆の}方向であり、負のフィードバックは、尿細管の水チャンネルを{~増加~=減少}させ、水分再吸収を{~増加~=減少}させる。これは尿量を{~=増加~減少}させ、尿浸透圧を{~上昇~=低下}させ、血漿浸透圧を(等張へ向けて){=上昇~低下}させる。 | ||
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With water intake, water {~=enters~leaves} the plasma and osmolarity {~increases~=decreases}. This is in the {~=same direction as~opposite direction to} the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of the water reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH). Thus, although the strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of water reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) was {~too strong~=adequate~too weak} before water intake (at baseline), this strength is now {~=too strong~adequate~too weak} to reverse the {~increased~=decreased} plasma osmolarity produced by water intake. The negative feedback {~increases~=decreases} (the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) vasopressin (ADH). The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) becomes {~stronger~=weaker}, which {~increases~=decreases} the number of water channels. With the {~increases~=decrease} in water reabsorption from the tubule, {~=concentrated~diluted} solution enters the plasma. This will lead to a reverse in the {~increased~=decreased} plasma osmolarity from water intake, {~=increasing~decreasing} it {~=towards~separate from} normal osmolarity. Because {~=concentrated~diluted} solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has {~an increased~=a decreased} osmolarity. Also, with the {~ increase~=decrease} in water reabsorption, there is {~=more~less} water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes {~concentrated~=diluted} and {~=increases~decreases} in volume. | |||
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2020年3月30日 (月) 13:46時点における版
| With water intake, the plasma osmolarity decreases, and negative feedback decreases the number of water channels.飲水により血漿浸透圧が低下すると、負のフィードバックは、尿細管の水チャンネルを減少させる。 |
Before water intake (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with adequate strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of water reabsorption (through the water channels) as well as normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and urine volume.飲水前（ベースライン）では恒常性が保たれていて、（水チャンネルを通じての）水分再吸収の血漿浸透圧低下作用は適度な強さであり、血漿浸透圧と尿浸透圧は正常（等張）、尿量も正常であるとしましょう。
Step 1: With water intake, water leaves the plasma and osmolarity increases (concentrated, hypertonic).
Step 2: This is in the same direction as the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of the water reabsorption. Thus, although the strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of water reabsorption (through the water channels) was adequate before water intake (at baseline), this strength is now too strong (red) to reverse the decreased plasma osmolarity (diluted, hyportonic) produced by water intake. Control by negative feedback is needed.図の①：飲水により水分が血漿へ入るため、血漿浸透圧が低下し（薄く、低張になり）ます。
図の②：これは、（水チャンネルを通じての）水分再吸収の血漿浸透圧低下作用と同じ方向です。そのため、（水チャンネルを通じての）水分再吸収の血漿浸透圧低下作用の強さは、飲水前（ベースライン）では適度でしたが、飲水により低下した（薄く、低張になった）血漿浸透圧を戻すためにはその強さでは過剰（赤）となります。負のフィードバックによる調節が必要です。
Step 3: With the strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect (through the water channels) of the water reabsorption before water intake (at baseline) being too strong (red), the negative feedback decreases (blue) the water reabsorption from the tubule.This decreases the water reabsorption from the tubule.図の③：（水チャンネルを通じての）水分再吸収の血漿浸透圧低下作用が飲水前（ベースライン）の強さでは過剰（赤）なので、負のフィードバックが水チャンネルを減少（青）させます。これにより尿細管からの水分再吸収は減少します。
Step 4: With the decrease in water reabsorption, concentrated (hypertonic) solution enters the plasma. This will lead to a reverse in the decreased plasma osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic) produced by water intake, increasing it towards normal (baseline, isotonic) osmolarity. Because concentrated (hypertonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption from the tubule, the fluid remaining in the tubule has decreased osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Also, with the decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes dulited and increases in volume. 図の④：水分再吸収が減少し、濃い溶液（高張液）が血漿に入ります。飲水により低下した（薄く、低張になった）血漿浸透圧は、飲水前の正常な（ベースラインの）浸透圧（等張）へ向けて上昇します。
再吸収で濃い溶液（高張液）が尿細管から出るため、残る液の浸透圧は低下し（薄く、低張になり）ます。水分再吸収も減少するため、尿細管に残る水分は増加します。つまり尿は薄く、多量になります。
Challenge Quiz
With water intake, the plasma osmolarity decreases, and negative feedback increases decreases the number of water channels.飲水により血漿浸透圧が低下すると、負のフィードバックは、尿細管の水チャンネルを 増加 減少 させる 。
With water intake, the plasma osmolarity increases decreases . This is in the same direction as opposite direction to the plasma osmolarity-increasing osmolarity-decreasing effect of the water reabsorption from the tubule. The negative feedback increases decreases the water reabsorption (through the water channels) from the tubule. Urine volume will increase decrease , while urine osmolarity will increase decrease . This will increase decrease plasma osmolarity (towards isotonic).飲水により血漿浸透圧は 上昇 低下 する。これは、腎臓/尿細管からの（水チャンネルを通じての）水分再吸収の血漿浸透圧 上昇 低下 作用と 同じ 逆の 方向であり、負のフィードバックは、尿細管の水チャンネルを 増加 減少 させ、水分再吸収を 増加 減少 させる。これは尿量を 増加 減少 させ、尿浸透圧を 上昇 低下 させ、血漿浸透圧を(等張へ向けて) 上昇 低下 させる。
With water intake, water enters leaves the plasma and osmolarity increases decreases . This is in the same direction as opposite direction to the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of the water reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH). Thus, although the strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of water reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) was too strong adequate too weak before water intake (at baseline), this strength is now too strong adequate too weak to reverse the increased decreased plasma osmolarity produced by water intake. The negative feedback increases decreases (the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) vasopressin (ADH). The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) becomes stronger weaker , which increases decreases the number of water channels. With the increases decrease in water reabsorption from the tubule, concentrated diluted solution enters the plasma. This will lead to a reverse in the increased decreased plasma osmolarity from water intake, increasing decreasing it towards separate from normal osmolarity. Because concentrated diluted solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has an increased a decreased osmolarity. Also, with the increase decrease in water reabsorption, there is more less water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes concentrated diluted and increases decreases in volume.