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{{Point|  With the decrease of the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of ADH, the number of water channels decreases .}}
{{Point|  With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), the number of water channels and water reabsorption decrease.  These increase plasma osmolarity and urine volume, and also decrease urine osmolarity.}}
 
[[メディア:ADHeffectOfDecreaseEng.mp4|narrated video explanation]]
[[メディア:6-ADHcontrol-sweat.mp4|narrated video explanation]]
 
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[[ファイル:ADHbaseline.jpg|left|500px]]
[[ファイル:ADHbaseline-Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
[[メディア:ADHEffectOfDcreasing-1Eng.mp4|video prior to the decrease in ADH]]<br>
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Prior to ADH decreasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and volumes.
[[メディア:ADHbaseline-Eng.mp4|video prior to a decrease in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
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Prior to vasopressin (ADH) decreasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and urine volume.
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[[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake1Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
[[ファイル:ADHEffectOfDecreasing-2Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
[[メディア:ADHEffectOfDecreasing-2Eng.mp4|video just after the increase in ADH]]<br>
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Step 1: Suppose that the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of ADH decreases.<br>
[[メディア:ADHEffectOfDecreasing-2Eng.mp4|video just after a decrease in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
The water channel-increasing effect of ADH decreases, thereby decreasing the number of water channels. This decreases the reabsorption of water by the kidney.
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Step 1: Suppose that the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (ADH) decreases.<br>
Step 2: The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH)  becomes weaker, which decreases the number of water channels. This decreases the water reabsorption from the tubule.
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[[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake3Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
[[ファイル:ADHEffectOfDecreasing-3Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
[[メディア:ADHsweatControl-4Eng.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the increase in ADH]]<br>
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The ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water entering the plasma due to reabsorption increases. This increases plasma osmolarity (hypertonic). Because a higher ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a lower osmolarity (hypotonic). Also, with an decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes less concentrated (hypotonic) and higher in volume.
[[メディア:ADHEffectOfDecreasing-3Eng.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in vasopressin (ADH)]]<br>
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Step 3:With the decrease in water reabsorption, concentrated (hypertonic) solution enters the plasma. This increases plasma osmolarity (concentrated, hypertonic). Because concentrated (hypertonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has decreased osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Also, with the decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes diluted and increases in volume.
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{{QuizTitle}}
{{QuizTitle}}
<GIFT>
<GIFT>
//LEVEL:2  
//LEVEL:2  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With sweating, negative feedback {~=increases~decreases}  the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of ADH.
With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), the number of water channels in the tubule {~increases~=decreases} .  
 
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
With sweating, negative feedback {~=increases~decreases}  the number of water channels in the kidney.  


//LEVEL:2  
//LEVEL:2  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With sweating, negative feedback {~=increases~decreases} water reabsorption by the kidney.
With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), water reabsorption from the tubule {increases~=decreases}.


//LEVEL:3  
//LEVEL:3  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With sweating, negative feedback {increases~=decreases} urine volume.  
With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), urine volume {~=increases~decreases}.  


//LEVEL:3  
//LEVEL:3  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With sweating, negative feedback {~=increases~decreases} urine osmolarity.
With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), urine osmolarity {increases~=decreases}.


//LEVEL:3
//LEVEL:2
//RAND  
//RAND  
With sweating, negative feedback {increases~=decreases} plasma osmolarity.
With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), plasma osmolarity {~=increases~decreases}.
 
//LEVEL:2
//RAND
The effect of decrease in vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) is {uterine smooth muscle relaxation~=an increase in plasma osmolarity}.


//LEVEL:3  
//LEVEL:3  
//RAND  
//RAND  
With sweating, the plasma osmolarity {decreases~=increases}.  The effect would be the {=same as~opposite to} that of reabsorption of water by the kidney, which {=decreases~increases} plasma osmolarity.  The effect of the reabsorption would be {=too weak~too strong} prior to control by negative feedback.  Negative feedback {~=increases~decreases} the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of ADH.  This in turn {~=increases~decreases} the number of water channels in the kidney causing {~=increased~decreased} water reabsorption. Urine osmolarity {~=increases~decreases} while volume {increases~=decreases}.  This {~=decreases~increases} plasma osmolarity, {~=returning to normal~separating from normal}.
The effect of decrease in vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) is {~=an increase~a decrease} the plasma osmolarity .
</GIFT>
</GIFT>

2020年3月30日 (月) 10:59時点における最新版

POINT!
With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), the number of water channels and water reabsorption decrease. These increase plasma osmolarity and urine volume, and also decrease urine osmolarity.

narrated video explanation

ADHbaseline-Eng.jpg

Prior to vasopressin (ADH) decreasing (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and urine volume.

ADHEffectOfDecreasing-2Eng.jpg

Step 1: Suppose that the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (ADH) decreases.
Step 2: The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) becomes weaker, which decreases the number of water channels. This decreases the water reabsorption from the tubule.

ADHEffectOfDecreasing-3Eng.jpg

Step 3:With the decrease in water reabsorption, concentrated (hypertonic) solution enters the plasma. This increases plasma osmolarity (concentrated, hypertonic). Because concentrated (hypertonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has decreased osmolarity (diluted, hypotonic). Also, with the decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes diluted and increases in volume.

Challenge Quiz

1.

With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), the number of water channels in the tubule increases decreases .

2.

With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), water reabsorption from the tubule increases decreases .

3.

With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), urine volume increases decreases .

4.

With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), urine osmolarity increases decreases .

5.

With a decrease in the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH), plasma osmolarity increases decreases .

6.

The effect of decrease in vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) is uterine smooth muscle relaxation an increase in plasma osmolarity .

7.

The effect of decrease in vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) is an increase a decrease the plasma osmolarity .

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