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{{Point|With water intake the plasma osmolarity decreases, and negative feedback decreases the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH).}}
{{Point|At a downhill, the speed increases, and negative feedback decreases the engine revolution.}}
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[[メディア:ADHwaterintake.mp4|narrated video explanation]]<br>
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[[ファイル:FlatBeforeDownhill-Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
[[ファイル:FlatBeforeDownhill-Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
Before water intake (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with adequate strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) as well as normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and urine volume.  
Before an downhill (at a flat baseline), we will make the assumption that the car is in homeostasis with adequate strength of the speed-increasing effect of engine revolution as well as normal speed.
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[[ファイル:DownhillBeforeMiddleFeedbacktoEngine-Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
[[ファイル:DownhillBeforeMiddleFeedbacktoEngine-Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
Step 1: With water intake, water enters the plasma and osmolarity decreases (becomes hypotonic). <br>
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Step 2: This is in the same direction as the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of the reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH). Thus, although the strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) was adequate before water intake (at baseline), this strength is now <font color="#ff0000">too strong (red)</font> to reverse the low plasma osmolarity (hypotonic plasma) produced by water intake. Control by negative feedback is needed. <br style="clear:both;" />
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Step 1: With downhill, car speed increases. <br>
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This is in the same direction as the speed-increasing effect of the engine revolution. Thus, although the strength of the speed-increasing effect of engine revolution was adequate before downhill (at flat baseline), this strength is now <font color="#ff0000">too strong (red)</font> to reverse the high speed produced by downhill. Control by negative feedback is needed.
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[[ファイル:DownhillDuringMiddleFeedbacktoEngine-Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
[[ファイル:DownhillDuringMiddleFeedbacktoEngine-Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
Step 3: With the strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of the reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) before water intake (at baseline) being <font color="#ff0000">too strong (red)</font>, the negative feedback <font color="#00f">decreases (blue)</font> (the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) vasopressin (ADH).  <br>
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Step 4: The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) becomes weaker, which decreases the number of water channels. This decreases the reabsorption of water by the kidney.
Step 2: With the strength of the speed-increasing effect of the engine revolution before downhill (at flat baseline) being <font color="#ff0000">too strong (red)</font>, the negative feedback <font color="#00f">decreases (blue)</font> the engine revolution.<br>
The speed-increasing effect of engine revolution becomes weaker, which decreases the speed. This will lead to a reverse in the increased speed because of downhill, decreasing it towards normal (baseline) speed.
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Step 5:  With the decrease in water reabsorption, concentrated (hypertonic) solution enters the plasma. This increases plasma osmolarity. This will lead to a reverse in the decreased plasma osmolarity from water intake (hypotonic plasma), increasing it towards normal (baseline) osmolarity (isotonic plasma). Because concentrated (hypertonic) solution leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a lower osmolarity (hypotonic). Also, with the decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes more diluted (hypotonic) and higher in volume.
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2019年11月30日 (土) 00:29時点における最新版

POINT!
At a downhill, the speed increases, and negative feedback decreases the engine revolution.
FlatBeforeDownhill-Eng.jpg

Before an downhill (at a flat baseline), we will make the assumption that the car is in homeostasis with adequate strength of the speed-increasing effect of engine revolution as well as normal speed.

DownhillBeforeMiddleFeedbacktoEngine-Eng.jpg


Step 1: With downhill, car speed increases.

This is in the same direction as the speed-increasing effect of the engine revolution. Thus, although the strength of the speed-increasing effect of engine revolution was adequate before downhill (at flat baseline), this strength is now too strong (red) to reverse the high speed produced by downhill. Control by negative feedback is needed.


DownhillDuringMiddleFeedbacktoEngine-Eng.jpg


Step 2: With the strength of the speed-increasing effect of the engine revolution before downhill (at flat baseline) being too strong (red), the negative feedback decreases (blue) the engine revolution.
The speed-increasing effect of engine revolution becomes weaker, which decreases the speed. This will lead to a reverse in the increased speed because of downhill, decreasing it towards normal (baseline) speed.


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