「SHolroydAtWeilCornellMedQatar/Endocrinology/VasopressinADH/ControlToWaterIntake」の版間の差分
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{{Point| | {{Point|With water intake, the plasma osmolarity decreases and negative feedback decreases the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of ADH.}} | ||
[[メディア:6-ADHcontrol-water.mp4|narrated video explanation]]<br> | [[メディア:6-ADHcontrol-water.mp4|narrated video explanation]]<br> | ||
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[[ファイル:ADHbaseline.jpg|left|500px]] | [[ファイル:ADHbaseline.jpg|left|500px]] | ||
[[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-start.mp4|video prior to water intake]]<br> | [[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-start.mp4|video prior to water intake]]<br> | ||
Prior to water intake, we | Prior to water intake (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and volumes. | ||
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[[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake1Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | [[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake1Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | ||
[[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-middle.mp4|video just after water intake]]<br> | [[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-middle.mp4|video just after water intake]]<br> | ||
Step 1: | Step 1: With water intake, water enters the plasma and osmolarity decreases (the plasma becomes hypotonic). <br> | ||
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Step 2: | Step 2: With reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by ADH), water enters the plasma and osmolarity decreases. This is same to the effect of water intake. Thus, with the low plasma osmolarity produced by water intake (hypotonic plasma), the baseline strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of reabsorption would be too strong. Control by negative feedback is needed. | ||
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[[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake2Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | [[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake2Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | ||
[[メディア:WaterDuringADHcontrol.mp4|video just after the decrease in ADH | [[メディア:WaterDuringADHcontrol.mp4|video just after the decrease in ADH caused by water intake]]<br> | ||
Step 3: | Step 3: With the baseline effect of the reabsorption being too strong, the negative feedback decreases the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of ADH.<br> | ||
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Step 4: | Step 4: The water channel-increasing effect of ADH decreases, thereby decreasing the number of water channels. This decreases the reabsorption of water by the kidney. | ||
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[[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake3Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | [[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake3Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | ||
[[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-end.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in ADH caused by | [[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-end.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in ADH caused by water intake]]<br> | ||
Step 5: | Step 5: The ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water entering the plasma due to reabsorption increases. This increases plasma osmolarity. This will lead to a increase in the decreased plasma osmolarity from water intake (hypotonic plasma), returning it towards normal (baseline) osmolarity (isotonic plasma). Because a higher ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water enters the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a lower osmolarity (hypotonic). Also, with an decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes less concentrated (hypotonic) and higher in volume. | ||
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//LEVEL:2 | //LEVEL:2 | ||
//RAND | //RAND | ||
With water intake, negative feedback {increases~=decreases} the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of ADH. | |||
//LEVEL:3 | //LEVEL:3 | ||
//RAND | //RAND | ||
With water intake, negative feedback {increases~=decreases} the number of water channels in the kidney. | |||
//LEVEL:2 | //LEVEL:2 | ||
//RAND | //RAND | ||
With water intake, negative feedback {increases~=decreases} water reabsorption by the kidney. | |||
//LEVEL:3 | //LEVEL:3 | ||
//RAND | //RAND | ||
With water intake, negative feedback {~=increases~decreases} urine volume. | |||
//LEVEL:3 | //LEVEL:3 | ||
//RAND | //RAND | ||
With water intake, negative feedback {increases~=decreases} urine osmolarity. | |||
//LEVEL:3 | //LEVEL:3 | ||
//RAND | //RAND | ||
With water intake, negative feedback {~=increases~decreases} plasma osmolarity. | |||
//LEVEL:3 | //LEVEL:3 | ||
//RAND | //RAND | ||
With water intake, the plasma osmolarity {~=decreases~increases}. The effect would be the {=same as~opposite to} that of reabsorption of water by the kidney, which {=decreases~increases} plasma osmolarity. The effect of reabsorption would be {too little~=too much}. Negative feedback {~increases~=decreases} the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of ADH. This in turn {increases~=decreases} the production of water channels in the kidney causing {increased~=decreased} water reabsorption. Urine osmolarity will {increase~=decrease} while volume will {~=increase~decrease}. This will {decrease~=increase} plasma osmolarity, {~=returning to normal~separating from normal}. | |||
</GIFT> | </GIFT> | ||
2019年7月25日 (木) 15:58時点における版
| With water intake, the plasma osmolarity decreases and negative feedback decreases the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of ADH. |
video prior to water intake
Prior to water intake (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and volumes.
video just after water intake
Step 1: With water intake, water enters the plasma and osmolarity decreases (the plasma becomes hypotonic).
Step 2: With reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by ADH), water enters the plasma and osmolarity decreases. This is same to the effect of water intake. Thus, with the low plasma osmolarity produced by water intake (hypotonic plasma), the baseline strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of reabsorption would be too strong. Control by negative feedback is needed.
video just after the decrease in ADH caused by water intake
Step 3: With the baseline effect of the reabsorption being too strong, the negative feedback decreases the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of ADH.
Step 4: The water channel-increasing effect of ADH decreases, thereby decreasing the number of water channels. This decreases the reabsorption of water by the kidney.
video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in ADH caused by water intake
Step 5: The ratio of Na+ to water entering the plasma due to reabsorption increases. This increases plasma osmolarity. This will lead to a increase in the decreased plasma osmolarity from water intake (hypotonic plasma), returning it towards normal (baseline) osmolarity (isotonic plasma). Because a higher ratio of Na+ to water enters the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a lower osmolarity (hypotonic). Also, with an decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes less concentrated (hypotonic) and higher in volume.
Challenge Quiz
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of ADH.
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases the number of water channels in the kidney.
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases water reabsorption by the kidney.
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases urine volume.
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases urine osmolarity.
With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases plasma osmolarity.
With water intake, the plasma osmolarity decreases increases . The effect would be the same as opposite to that of reabsorption of water by the kidney, which decreases increases plasma osmolarity. The effect of reabsorption would be too little too much . Negative feedback increases decreases the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of ADH. This in turn increases decreases the production of water channels in the kidney causing increased decreased water reabsorption. Urine osmolarity will increase decrease while volume will increase decrease . This will decrease increase plasma osmolarity, returning to normal separating from normal .