「SHolroydAtWeilCornellMedQatar/Endocrinology/VasopressinADH/ControlToWaterIntake」の版間の差分
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[[ファイル:ADHbaseline.jpg|left|500px]] | [[ファイル:ADHbaseline.jpg|left|500px]] | ||
[[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-start.mp4|video prior to water intake]]<br> | [[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-start.mp4|video prior to water intake]]<br> | ||
Prior to water intake, we assume our subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities isotonic and volumes. | Prior to water intake, we assume our subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and volumes. | ||
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[[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake1Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | [[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake1Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | ||
[[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-middle.mp4|video just after water intake]]<br> | [[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-middle.mp4|video just after water intake]]<br> | ||
Step 1: Water was taken. Water will enter the plasma and its osmolarity will decrease become hypotonic. <br> | Step 1: Water was taken. Water will enter the plasma and its osmolarity will decrease (become hypotonic). <br> | ||
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Step 2: Water intake will decrease plasma osmolarity make plasma hypotonic. ADH, water channels, and reabsorption of water by the kidney will also decrease plasma osmolarity, having the same effect. Thus, with low plasma osmolarity following water intake hypotonic plasma, the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of ADH, water channels, and reabsorption would be too much. | Step 2: Water intake will decrease plasma osmolarity (make plasma hypotonic). ADH, water channels, and reabsorption of water by the kidney will also decrease plasma osmolarity, having the same effect. Thus, with low plasma osmolarity following water intake (hypotonic plasma), the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of ADH, water channels, and reabsorption would be too much. | ||
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[[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake3Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | [[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake3Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | ||
[[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-end.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in ADH caused by negative feedback following water intake]]<br> | [[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-end.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in ADH caused by negative feedback following water intake]]<br> | ||
Step 5: The ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water reabsorption by the kidney increases. This means plasma osmolarity increases. Also the decreased plasma osmolarity from water intake hypotonic plasma will increase returning to normal isotonic. Because a higher ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> is reabsorbed the fluid left in the tubule now has a lower osmolarity. Also the decrease in the number of water channels decreases water reabsorption so there is more water. Overall, the urine becomes less concentrated (hypotonic) and high volume. | Step 5: The ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water reabsorption by the kidney increases. This means plasma osmolarity increases. Also the decreased plasma osmolarity from water intake (hypotonic plasma) will increase returning to normal (isotonic). Because a higher ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> is reabsorbed the fluid left in the tubule now has a lower osmolarity. Also the decrease in the number of water channels decreases water reabsorption so there is more water. Overall, the urine becomes less concentrated (hypotonic) and high volume. | ||
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2019年6月11日 (火) 15:19時点における版
| Following water intake, the plasma osmolarity decreases, and negative feedback decreases (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH. |
video prior to water intake
Prior to water intake, we assume our subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and volumes.
video just after water intake
Step 1: Water was taken. Water will enter the plasma and its osmolarity will decrease (become hypotonic).
Step 2: Water intake will decrease plasma osmolarity (make plasma hypotonic). ADH, water channels, and reabsorption of water by the kidney will also decrease plasma osmolarity, having the same effect. Thus, with low plasma osmolarity following water intake (hypotonic plasma), the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of ADH, water channels, and reabsorption would be too much.
video just after the decrease in ADH following water intake
Step 3: With too much effect of ADH, water channels, and reabsorption, the negative feedback decreases (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH.
Step 4: The water channels-increasing effect of ADH will decrease, decreasing the number of water channels. This decreases the reabsorption of water by the kidney.
video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in ADH caused by negative feedback following water intake
Step 5: The ratio of Na+ to water reabsorption by the kidney increases. This means plasma osmolarity increases. Also the decreased plasma osmolarity from water intake (hypotonic plasma) will increase returning to normal (isotonic). Because a higher ratio of Na+ is reabsorbed the fluid left in the tubule now has a lower osmolarity. Also the decrease in the number of water channels decreases water reabsorption so there is more water. Overall, the urine becomes less concentrated (hypotonic) and high volume.
Challenge Quiz
Following water intake, negative feedback increases decreases (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH.
Following water intake, negative feedback increases decreases water channels in the kidney.
Following water intake, negative feedback increases decreases water reabsorption by the kidney.
Following water intake, negative feedback increases decreases urine volume.
Following water intake, negative feedback increases decreases urine osmolarity.
Following water intake, negative feedback increases decreases plasma osmolarity.
Following water intake, the plasma osmolarity decreases increases . The effect would be the same as opposite to that of ADH, water channels and reabsorption of water by the kidney, which decreases increases plasma osmolarity. The effect of (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH would be too little too much . Negative feedback increases decreases (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH. This in turn increases decreases the production of water channels in the kidney causing increased decreased water reabsorption. Urine osmolarity will increase decrease while volume will increase decrease . This will decrease increase plasma osmolarity, returning to normal separating from normal .