「SHolroydAtWeilCornellMedQatar/Endocrinology/VasopressinADH/ControlToWaterIntake」の版間の差分
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{{Point| | {{Point|Following water intake, the plasma osmolarity decreases, and negative feedback decreases (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH.}} | ||
[[メディア:6-ADHcontrol-water.mp4|narrated video explanation]]<br> | [[メディア:6-ADHcontrol-water.mp4|narrated video explanation]]<br> | ||
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[[ファイル:ADHbaseline.jpg|left|500px]] | [[ファイル:ADHbaseline.jpg|left|500px]] | ||
[[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-start.mp4|video prior to intake | [[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-start.mp4|video prior to water intake]]<br> | ||
Prior to intake | Prior to water intake, we assume our subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities and volumes. | ||
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[[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake1Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | [[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake1Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | ||
[[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-middle.mp4|video just after intake | [[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-middle.mp4|video just after water intake]]<br> | ||
Steps 1 and 2: Water was taken. Water will enter the plasma and its osmolarity will decrease.<br> | Steps 1 and 2: Water was taken. Water will enter the plasma and its osmolarity will decrease. <br> | ||
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Both intake | Both water intake and the ADH, water channels, and reabsorption of water by the kidney will decrease plasma osmolarity, having the same effect. Thus, in this case with low plasma osmolarity, the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of ADH, water channels, and reabsorption would be too much. | ||
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[[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake2Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | [[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake2Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | ||
[[メディア:WaterDuringADHcontrol.mp4|video just after ADH | [[メディア:WaterDuringADHcontrol.mp4|video just after the decrease in ADH following water intake]]<br> | ||
Steps 3 and 4: With too much effect of ADH, water channels, and reabsorption, the negative feedback decreases (synthesis, secretion, blood concentration of) ADH. The water channels-increasing effect of ADH will decrease, decreasing the number of water channels. This decreases the reabsorption of water by the kidney. | Steps 3 and 4: With too much effect of ADH, water channels, and reabsorption, the negative feedback decreases (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH. The water channels-increasing effect of ADH will decrease, decreasing the number of water channels. This decreases the reabsorption of water by the kidney. | ||
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[[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake3Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | [[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake3Eng.jpg|left|500px]] | ||
[[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-end.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after ADH | [[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-end.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in ADH caused by negative feedback following water intake]]<br> | ||
Step 5: The ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water reabsorption by the kidney increases. This means plasma osmolarity increases. The decreased plasma osmolarity from intake | Step 5: The ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water reabsorption by the kidney increases. This means plasma osmolarity increases. The decreased plasma osmolarity from water intake will increase returning to normal. | ||
Because a higher ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> is reabsorbed the fluid left in the tubule now has a lower osmolarity. The decrease in the number of water channels decreases water reabsorption so there is more water. Overall, the urine becomes less concentrated and high volume. | Because a higher ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> is reabsorbed the fluid left in the tubule now has a lower osmolarity. The decrease in the number of water channels decreases water reabsorption so there is more water. Overall, the urine becomes less concentrated and high volume. | ||
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//LEVEL:2 | //LEVEL:2 | ||
//RAND | //RAND | ||
Following water intake, negative feedback {increases~=decreases} (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH. | |||
//LEVEL:3 | //LEVEL:3 | ||
//RAND | //RAND | ||
Following water intake, negative feedback {increases~=decreases} water channels channels in the kidney. | |||
//LEVEL:2 | //LEVEL:2 | ||
//RAND | //RAND | ||
Following water intake, negative feedback {increases~=decreases} water reabsorption by the kidney. | |||
//LEVEL:3 | //LEVEL:3 | ||
//RAND | //RAND | ||
Following water intake, negative feedback {~=increases~decreases} urine volume. | |||
//LEVEL:3 | //LEVEL:3 | ||
//RAND | //RAND | ||
Following water intake, negative feedback {increases~=decreases} urine osmolarity. | |||
//LEVEL:3 | //LEVEL:3 | ||
//RAND | //RAND | ||
Following water intake, negative feedback {~=increases~decreases} plasma osmolarity. | |||
//LEVEL:3 | //LEVEL:3 | ||
//RAND | //RAND | ||
Following water intake, the plasma osmolarity {~=decreases~increases}. The effect would be the {=same as~opposite to} that of ADH, water channels and reabsorption of water by the kidney, which {=decreases~increases} plasma osmolarity. The effect of (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH would be {too little~=too much}. Negative feedback {~increases~=decreases} (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH. This in turn {increases~=decreases} the production of water channels in the kidney causing {increased~=decreased} water reabsorption. Urine osmolarity will {increase~=decrease} while volume will {~=increase~decrease}. This will {decrease~=increase} plasma osmolarity, {~=returning to normal~separating from normal}. | |||
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2019年6月5日 (水) 16:09時点における版
| Following water intake, the plasma osmolarity decreases, and negative feedback decreases (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH. |
video prior to water intake
Prior to water intake, we assume our subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities and volumes.
video just after water intake
Steps 1 and 2: Water was taken. Water will enter the plasma and its osmolarity will decrease.
Both water intake and the ADH, water channels, and reabsorption of water by the kidney will decrease plasma osmolarity, having the same effect. Thus, in this case with low plasma osmolarity, the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of ADH, water channels, and reabsorption would be too much.
video just after the decrease in ADH following water intake
Steps 3 and 4: With too much effect of ADH, water channels, and reabsorption, the negative feedback decreases (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH. The water channels-increasing effect of ADH will decrease, decreasing the number of water channels. This decreases the reabsorption of water by the kidney.
video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in ADH caused by negative feedback following water intake
Step 5: The ratio of Na+ to water reabsorption by the kidney increases. This means plasma osmolarity increases. The decreased plasma osmolarity from water intake will increase returning to normal.
Because a higher ratio of Na+ is reabsorbed the fluid left in the tubule now has a lower osmolarity. The decrease in the number of water channels decreases water reabsorption so there is more water. Overall, the urine becomes less concentrated and high volume.
Challenge Quiz
Following water intake, negative feedback increases decreases (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH.
Following water intake, negative feedback increases decreases water channels channels in the kidney.
Following water intake, negative feedback increases decreases water reabsorption by the kidney.
Following water intake, negative feedback increases decreases urine volume.
Following water intake, negative feedback increases decreases urine osmolarity.
Following water intake, negative feedback increases decreases plasma osmolarity.
Following water intake, the plasma osmolarity decreases increases . The effect would be the same as opposite to that of ADH, water channels and reabsorption of water by the kidney, which decreases increases plasma osmolarity. The effect of (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH would be too little too much . Negative feedback increases decreases (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH. This in turn increases decreases the production of water channels in the kidney causing increased decreased water reabsorption. Urine osmolarity will increase decrease while volume will increase decrease . This will decrease increase plasma osmolarity, returning to normal separating from normal .