「Nerve06/eyes and ears/introduction of eye anatomy」の版間の差分

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-[[ファイル:01386.jpg|400px|left]] 上段は目を前から見た図、下段は目を水平に切り開いた時の図です。
+[[ファイル:01386en.jpg|400px|left]] The upper half is the view from the front, and the lower half is the horizontal cross section.
-最前面の中心にあるのが「角膜（１）」です。透明であり、光を目の中に通します。（下段では、バックの薄い青色～黒が見える部分は、透明なのです）
+The cornea is in the center of the very front plane.  It is transparent, letting light into the eyes.  (In the lower half, the light to dark blue gradation area is transparent).
-いわゆる「白目」の部位が「結膜（２）」です。角膜と同じ様に最前面にありますが、透明ではなく、白色であり、光を通しません。
+The so-called 'white' of the eye is the conjunctiva.  As with the cornea, it is in the very front plane, but is not transparent, but white, not allowing light through.
-いわゆる「茶目」の部位が「虹彩（３）」です。ドーナッツ状であり、大きさが変化することで目の中に入る光量を調節しています。
+The colored area of the eye is the iris (3).  It is doughnut-shaped, and changes shape to adjust the amount of light entering the eye.  The hole part of the doughnut is the pupil (4).  It is the name of the hole and there is nothing there.  It is the entrance gate for light to enter the eye.  Light passing through the pupil travels through the lens (5) which bends the light and plays a role in focusing like the lens in a camera.  This is also transparent.  Light, then passes through the vitreous body (6).  Naturally, it is transparent.  It is located at the center of the eye, forming its ball shape.  Since it does not bend the light, it is not involved in focusing.
-ドーナッツの穴の部分が「瞳孔（４）」です。名前の通り、穴であり、何もないのです。光が目の中に入る場所です。いわゆる「黒目」の部分です。
+The retina (7 in green), which is just in front of the back wall of the eye, is the receptor of the light and generates an action potential.
-瞳孔を通った光は「水晶体（５）」を通ります。光を曲げる作用があり、カメラのレンズのようにピント（フォーカス・遠近）調節をしています。やはり透明です。
+The generated electrical signal (action potential) travels through the nerve fibers (thick black line) on the inner surface of the retina.  The fibers are then bundled into one nerve.
-光は次に「ガラス体（６）」を通ります。当然、透明です。目の中心部分にあり、球状を保つ作用があります。光を曲げる作用はないので、遠近調節の作用はありません。
+The sensory (afferent) peripheral nerve thus formed, the optic nerve (8), travels backwards through the retina, and delivers the electric signals (action potential) to the brain.
-眼球の後壁の内側にある「網膜（７、緑色の部位）」が光の受容器であり、電気信号（活動電位）が発生します。発生した電気信号（活動電位）は網膜の内側部分にある神経線維（太い黒線）を通って、１ヶ所に集められます。
-神経線維が集まってできた視神経（８）が網膜を貫いて、感覚性（求心性）末梢神経となり、脳へ電気信号（活動電位）を移動させます。
 {{QuizTitle}}
 <GIFT>
-質問 {=正解.~誤答.~誤答} 。
+//LEVEL:3
-この心電図の波は{~P.~Q.~R.=S.~T}波である。
+//RAND
-[[画像:00064.gif|left|150px]]
+The asterisks indicate {=cornea~conjunctiva~iris~pupil~lens~vitreous body~retina~optic nerve} of the eye.
-The ECG wave in this illustration is the {~P.~Q.~R.=S.~T} wave.
+[[画像:1520en.jpg|200px]]
-[[画像:00064.gif|left|150px]]
-図の*印は {~角膜.=結膜.~虹彩.~瞳孔.~水晶体.~ガラス体.~網膜.~視神経} である。
+//LEVEL:2
-[[画像:01526.jpg|left|150px]]
+//RAND
+The asterisks indicate {~cornea~=conjunctiva~iris~pupil~lens~vitreous body~retina~optic nerve} of the eye.
+[[画像:01521en.jpg|200px]]
+//LEVEL:3
+//RAND
+The asterisks indicate {~cornea~conjunctiva~=iris~pupil~lens~vitreous body~retina~optic nerve} of the eye.
+[[画像:01522en.jpg|200px]]
+//LEVEL:3
+//RAND
+The asterisk indicates {~cornea~conjunctiva~iris~=pupil~lens~vitreous body~retina~optic nerve} of the eye.
+[[画像:01523en.jpg|200px]]
-</gift>
+//LEVEL:3
-<gift>
+//RAND
+The asterisk indicates {~cornea~conjunctiva~iris~pupil~=lens~vitreous body~retina~optic nerve} of the eye.
+[[画像:01524en.jpg|200px]]
+//LEVEL:3
+//RAND
+The asterisks indicate {~cornea~conjunctiva~iris~pupil~lens~=vitreous body~retina~optic nerve} of the eye.
+[[画像:01525en.jpg|200px]]
 //LEVEL:2
 //RAND
-//MEDIA:01526.jpg
+The asterisks indicate {~cornea~conjunctiva~iris~pupil~lens~vitreous body~=retina~optic nerve} of the eye.
-図の*印は {~角膜 ~結膜 ~虹彩 ~瞳孔 ~水晶体 ~ガラス体 =網膜 ~視神経} である。
+[[画像:01526en.jpg|200px]]
-[[画像:01521.jpg|left|150px]]
-//LEVEL:2
+//LEVEL:3
 //RAND
-眼球内にあってレンズとして作用している部位は、 {~胸膜 ~結膜 ~角膜 ~脈絡膜 ~網膜 ~毛様体 ~虹彩 =水晶体 ~ガラス体} である。
+The asterisk indicates {~cornea~conjunctiva~iris~pupil~lens~vitreous body~retina~=optic nerve} of the eye.
+[[画像:01527en.jpg|200px]]
 //LEVEL:2
 //RAND
-眼球内にあって光量調節を担っている部位は、 {~胸膜 ~結膜 ~角膜 ~脈絡膜 ~網膜 ~毛様体 =虹彩 ~水晶体 ~ガラス体} である。
+The part of the eye involved in adjusting the amount of light entering the eye is the {~cornea~conjunctiva~=iris~lens~vitreous body~retina~optic nerve}.
 </GIFT>

2014年11月18日 (火) 21:47時点における最新版

The upper half is the view from the front, and the lower half is the horizontal cross section.

The cornea is in the center of the very front plane. It is transparent, letting light into the eyes. (In the lower half, the light to dark blue gradation area is transparent).

The so-called 'white' of the eye is the conjunctiva. As with the cornea, it is in the very front plane, but is not transparent, but white, not allowing light through.

The colored area of the eye is the iris (3). It is doughnut-shaped, and changes shape to adjust the amount of light entering the eye. The hole part of the doughnut is the pupil (4). It is the name of the hole and there is nothing there. It is the entrance gate for light to enter the eye. Light passing through the pupil travels through the lens (5) which bends the light and plays a role in focusing like the lens in a camera. This is also transparent. Light, then passes through the vitreous body (6). Naturally, it is transparent. It is located at the center of the eye, forming its ball shape. Since it does not bend the light, it is not involved in focusing.

The retina (7 in green), which is just in front of the back wall of the eye, is the receptor of the light and generates an action potential.

The generated electrical signal (action potential) travels through the nerve fibers (thick black line) on the inner surface of the retina. The fibers are then bundled into one nerve.

The sensory (afferent) peripheral nerve thus formed, the optic nerve (8), travels backwards through the retina, and delivers the electric signals (action potential) to the brain.