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[[ファイル:02617en.jpg|400px|left]] 細胞膜内には陰性の静止膜電位が発生しています。刺激を受けると陰性電位が減少します。このことを脱分極といいます。脱分極により膜電位がある程度まで減少すると、活動電位とよばれる能動的な電位が膜に生じます。活動電位に移行する膜電位を閾値、あるいは閾電位、または発火レベルといいます。
[[ファイル:02617en.jpg|400px|left]]  


活動電位の特徴は、急速な脱分極とovershootです。overshootとは、細胞膜内外の極性が入れ替わることで、細胞膜内が陽性になります。overshoot後、再び陰性電位が急速に増加し、活動電位は終了し、静止膜電位に戻ります。この過程を再分極といいます。
Inside the cell membrane at rest, a negative potential is being generated.  With stimulation, this negative potential decreases.  This is called depolarization.  When the membrane potential decreases to a certain level, an active potential, called the action potential is generated.  The voltage at which this transaction occurs, is called the threshold, threshold voltage, or firing level.<br> 
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The characteristics of the action potential are rapid depolarization and overshoot.  Overshoot means switching of the electric polarity inside and outside the cell membrane, making it positive inside.<br>
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After overshoot, the negative polarity increases rapidly,  and the action potential ends, returning to the resting membrane potential.  This process is called the re-polarization. 


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//LEVEL:2
//LEVEL:2
//RAND
//RAND
神経細胞の静止膜電位(の絶対値)が減少し(静止膜電位が浅くなり)、神経細胞が興奮に向かう過程を　 {~過分極.=脱分極} という。
The process of the (absolute voltage of the) resting membrane potential decreasing and the neuron being activated is called {~hyperpolarization~=depolarization}. 


//LEVEL:3
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
//RAND
神経細胞膜は、刺激されると　 {~過分極.=脱分極} する。
The neuron cell membrane {~repolarizes~=depolarizes} when stimulated. 


//LEVEL:3
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
//RAND
膜電位が発火レベル(閾電位、閾値)まで脱分極すると、活動電位が発生　 {=する.~しない} 。
When the membrane potential depolarizes to the firing level (threshold, threshold voltage), the action potential {=is~is not} generated. 


//LEVEL:3
//LEVEL:4
//RAND
//RAND
膜電位が静止膜電位から少しでも脱分極すると、活動電位は必ず発生する。 {~正.=誤}  
When the membrane potential depolarizes even a small amount from the resting membrane potential, the action potential is always generated. {~true~=false}


//LEVEL:3
//LEVEL:3
//RAND
//RAND
神経細胞が興奮するとovershootが起こり、細胞内の電気的極性が入れかわり、細胞内が　 {=陽性.~陰性} になる。
When a neuron is stimulated and an overshoot is generated, the electrical potential is switched and inside the membrane becomes {=positive~negative}.


//LEVEL:2
//LEVEL:2
//RAND
//RAND
overshootにひきつづき、膜電位は静止膜電位へ向けて　 {~脱.=再} 分極する。
After overshoot, the membrane {~depolarizes~=repolarizes} to the resting membrane potential.
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2014年11月18日 (火) 21:47時点における最新版

02617en.jpg

Inside the cell membrane at rest, a negative potential is being generated. With stimulation, this negative potential decreases. This is called depolarization. When the membrane potential decreases to a certain level, an active potential, called the action potential is generated. The voltage at which this transaction occurs, is called the threshold, threshold voltage, or firing level.

The characteristics of the action potential are rapid depolarization and overshoot. Overshoot means switching of the electric polarity inside and outside the cell membrane, making it positive inside.

After overshoot, the negative polarity increases rapidly, and the action potential ends, returning to the resting membrane potential. This process is called the re-polarization.

Challenge Quiz

1.

The process of the (absolute voltage of the) resting membrane potential decreasing and the neuron being activated is called hyperpolarization depolarization .

2.

The neuron cell membrane repolarizes depolarizes when stimulated.

3.

When the membrane potential depolarizes to the firing level (threshold, threshold voltage), the action potential is is not generated.

4.

When the membrane potential depolarizes even a small amount from the resting membrane potential, the action potential is always generated. true false

5.

When a neuron is stimulated and an overshoot is generated, the electrical potential is switched and inside the membrane becomes positive negative .

6.

After overshoot, the membrane depolarizes repolarizes to the resting membrane potential.

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