1-1-3 Development of the Functional Localization Theoryのソースを表示


Since sensory signals and motor signals take different channels, there was a dispute between the factions which believed that the brain, as the origin of the channels, also had  different organizations inside it (the functional localization theory) and the one which believed that the brain was uniform in its organization.

It was a French physician, Paul Broca (1824-1880) who first proved the functional localization theory academically.
He examined a patient who had become unable to speak even though he was able to understand what people were saying.  After the patient passed away, he dissected the patient's brain and found the left temporal region had been damaged.
From this he came to believe that the nerve center that controlled speech was localized there. (Fig.3)

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The motor cortex was also discovered about that time.

Gustav Fritsch (1838-1927) and Eduard Hitzing (1838-1907) discovered that when the cerebral cortex of a dog was given an electrical stimulation, a distinct muscle contracted depending on where the electrical stimulation was given. Furthermore, David Ferrier (1843-1928) confirmed this with the brain of a monkey.


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The (1)({functional component theory  ~=functional localization theory  ~functional mosaic theory}) claims that the brain has different functions depending on the site, since the spinal cord has clear functional differences by respective parts. 

This theory was proven by Paul Broca whose patient had (2)({motor disorders ~=speech and language disorders  ~sensory impairment}), by observing  damage on the (3)({=left temporal lobe  ~right temporal lobe ~left parietal lobe ~right parietal lobe of his brain}).


Subsequently, Gustav Fritsch (1838-1927) and Eduard Hitzig (1838-1907) discovered that when a particular part of a dog's brain was given an electrical stimulation,(4)({bulimia   ~rage   ~=muscle contraction}) occurred, and that part was (5)({center of appetite  ~center of emotion  ~=center of motor function}).
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