SHolroydAtWeilCornellMedQatar/Urology/Kidney/Tubules/WaterChannels/ControlToWaterIntake

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2020年2月14日 (金) 13:24時点におけるAdmin (トーク | 投稿記録)による版
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POINT!
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Prior to water intake (at baseline), we will make the assumption that the subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities (isotonic) and volumes.

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Step 1: With water intake, water enters the plasma and osmolarity decreases (the plasma becomes hypotonic).

Step 2: With reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH, water enters the plasma and osmolarity decreases. This the same effect as water intake. Thus, with the low plasma osmolarity produced by water intake (hypotonic plasma), the baseline strength of the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of reabsorption would be too strong. Control by negative feedback is needed.

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Step 3: With the baseline effect of the reabsorption (through the water channels, which are increased by vasopressin, ADH) being too strong, the negative feedback decreases the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (ADH).

Step 4: The water channel-increasing effect of vasopressin (ADH) decreases, thereby decreasing the number of water channels. This decreases the reabsorption of water by the kidney.

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Step 5: The ratio of Na+ to water entering the plasma due to reabsorption increases. This increases plasma osmolarity. This will lead to an increase in the decreased plasma osmolarity from water intake (hypotonic plasma), returning it towards normal (baseline) osmolarity (isotonic plasma). Because a higher ratio of Na+ to water leaves the tubule due to reabsorption, the fluid remaining in the tubule has a lower osmolarity (hypotonic). Also, with a decrease in water reabsorption, there is more water remaining in the tubule. Overall, the urine becomes less concentrated (hypotonic) and higher in volume.

Challenge Quiz

1.

With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH).

2.

With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases the number of water channels in the kidney.

3.

With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases water reabsorption by the kidney.

4.

With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases urine volume.

5.

With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases urine osmolarity.

6.

With water intake, negative feedback increases decreases plasma osmolarity.

7.

With water intake, the plasma osmolarity decreases increases . The effect would be the same as opposite to that of reabsorption of water by the kidney, which decreases increases plasma osmolarity. The effect of reabsorption would be too little too much . Negative feedback increases decreases the synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH). This in turn increases decreases the production of water channels in the kidney causing increased decreased water reabsorption. Urine osmolarity will increase decrease while volume will increase decrease . This will decrease increase plasma osmolarity, returning to normal separating from normal .