SHolroydAtWeilCornellMedQatar/Endocrinology/VasopressinADH/ControlToWaterIntakeのソースを表示

{{Point|Following water intake, the plasma osmolarity decreases, and negative feedback decreases (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH.}}

[[メディア:6-ADHcontrol-water.mp4|narrated video explanation]]<br>

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[[ファイル:ADHbaseline.jpg|left|500px]]
[[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-start.mp4|video prior to water intake]]<br>
Prior to water intake, we assume our subject is in homeostasis with normal plasma and urine osmolarities and volumes.
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[[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake1Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
[[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-middle.mp4|video just after water intake]]<br>
Step 1:  Water was taken.  Water will enter the plasma and its osmolarity will decrease. <br>
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Step 2:  Water intake will decrease plasma osmolarity. ADH, water channels, and reabsorption of water by the kidney will also decrease plasma osmolarity, having the same effect.  Thus, in this case with low plasma osmolarity following water intake, the plasma osmolarity-decreasing effect of ADH, water channels, and reabsorption would be too much.
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[[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake2Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
[[メディア:WaterDuringADHcontrol.mp4|video just after the decrease in ADH following water intake]]<br>
Step 3:  With too much effect of ADH, water channels, and reabsorption, the negative feedback decreases  (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH.<br>
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Step 4:  The water channels-increasing effect of ADH will decrease, decreasing the number of water channels.  This decreases the reabsorption of water by the kidney.
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[[ファイル:ADHControlToWaterIntake3Eng.jpg|left|500px]]
[[メディア:ADHcontrol-water-end.mp4|video showing the changes in plasma and urine after the decrease in ADH caused by negative feedback following water intake]]<br>
Step 5:  The ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> to water reabsorption by the kidney increases.  This means plasma osmolarity increases.  Also the decreased plasma osmolarity from water intake will increase returning to normal.   
Because a higher ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> is reabsorbed the fluid left in the tubule now has a lower osmolarity.  The decrease in the number of water channels decreases water reabsorption so there is more water.  Overall, the urine becomes less concentrated (hypotonic) and high volume.
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{{QuizTitle}}
<GIFT>
//LEVEL:2 
//RAND 
Following water intake, negative feedback {increases~=decreases}  (synthesis, secretion, and  blood concentration of) ADH.

//LEVEL:3 
//RAND 
Following water intake, negative feedback {increases~=decreases} water channels channels in the kidney. 

//LEVEL:2 
//RAND 
Following water intake, negative feedback {increases~=decreases} water reabsorption by the kidney.

//LEVEL:3 
//RAND 
Following water intake, negative feedback {~=increases~decreases} urine volume. 

//LEVEL:3 
//RAND 
Following water intake, negative feedback {increases~=decreases} urine osmolarity.

//LEVEL:3 
//RAND 
Following water intake, negative feedback {~=increases~decreases} plasma osmolarity.

//LEVEL:3 
//RAND 
Following water intake, the plasma osmolarity {~=decreases~increases}.  The effect would be the {=same as~opposite to} that of ADH, water channels and reabsorption of water by the kidney, which {=decreases~increases} plasma osmolarity.  The effect of (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH would be {too little~=too much}.  Negative feedback {~increases~=decreases}  (synthesis, secretion, and blood concentration of) ADH.  This in turn {increases~=decreases} the production of water channels in the kidney causing {increased~=decreased} water reabsorption. Urine osmolarity will {increase~=decrease} while volume will {~=increase~decrease}.  This will {decrease~=increase} plasma osmolarity, {~=returning to normal~separating from normal}.
</GIFT>